Nā ngā āhuatanga uaua, pērā i te tipu haere o te tono pūngao o te ao, te pikinga o te utu hinu me ngā raruraru āhuarangi, kua akiaki i te maha o ngā whenua ki te whakahaere i te mahi whakawhiti o te whakaputa me te whakamahi pūngao. Kua whai ngā kamupene hinu o te ao kia noho ki mua i te umanga, engari he rerekē ngā ara whakawhiti waro-iti a ngā kamupene hinu rerekē: Kei te kaha te whakawhanake a ngā kamupene Pākehā i te mana hau moana, te photovoltaic, te hauwai me ētahi atu pūngao whakahou, i te mea kei te whakanui ake ngā kamupene o Amerika i te whakatakotoranga o te hopu me te rokiroki waro (CCS) me ētahi atu hangarau waro kino, ā, ka huri ngā ara rerekē hei oranga me te mana o te whakawhiti waro-iti. Mai i te tau 2022, kua hangaia e ngā kamupene hinu nui o te ao he mahere hou i runga i te pikinga nui o te maha o ngā hoko pakihi waro-iti me ngā kaupapa haumi tika i te tau kua hipa.
Kua whakaaetia whānuitia te whakawhanake i te pūngao hauwai e ngā kamupene hinu nui o te ao.
Koinei te wāhanga matua, ā, ko te wāhanga uaua hoki o te whakawhiti pūngao kawe waka, ā, ko te wahie kawe waka ma, iti-waro hoki te mea matua mō te whakawhiti pūngao. Hei tīmatanga nui mō te whakawhiti waka, he mea nui te uara o te pūngao hauwai e ngā kamupene hinu o te ao.
I te marama o Hānuere o tēnei tau, i kī a Total Energy ka mahi tahi rātou me ngā kamupene pūngao hou rongonui o te ao, a Masdar, me Siemens Energy Company, ki te whakawhanake me te whakaputa i tētahi tipu whakaaturanga hauwai matomato mō te wahie rererangi tauwhiro i Abu Dhabi, me te whakatairanga i te whaihuatanga arumoni o te hauwai matomato hei wahie whakakore waro e tika ana ā muri ake nei. I te marama o Poutū-te-rangi, i hainatia e Total Energy tētahi whakaaetanga me Daimler Trucks Co., Ltd. ki te whakawhanake tahi i tētahi pūnaha kawe waka taiao mō ngā taraka taumaha e whakamahia ana e te hauwai, me te whakatairanga i te whakakore waro o te kawe utanga rori i roto i te EU. Kei te whakamahere te kamupene ki te whakahaere i te 150 teihana whakakī hinu hauwai tika, ā-kore rānei i Tiamana, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg me Wīwī i te tau 2030.
I kī a Pan Yanlei, te Tumu Whakahaere Matua o Total Energy, kua rite te kamupene ki te whakawhanake i te hauwai matomato i runga i te tauine nui, ā, e pai ana te poari whakahaere ki te whakamahi i te rere o te moni a te kamupene hei whakatere i te rautaki hauwai matomato. Heoi, i runga i te utu hiko, kāore te arotahi whanaketanga e aro ki Ūropi.
I tae a Bp ki tētahi whakaaetanga ki a Ōman ki te whakanui ake i te haumitanga nui ki Ōman, ki te whakawhanake i ngā ahumahi hou me ngā pūkenga hangarau, ki te whakakotahi i te pūngao whakahou me te hauwai matomato i runga i te kaupapa o te pakihi hau māori, me te whakatairanga i te whāinga pūngao iti-waro a Ōman. Ka hanga hoki e Bp tētahi pokapū hauwai tāone i Aberdeen, Kōtirana, me te hanga i tētahi whare hanga hauwai matomato ka taea te whakawhānui, te rokiroki me te tohatoha i roto i ngā wāhanga e toru.
Kua tīmata te mahi a te kaupapa hauwai matomato nui rawa atu a Shell ki Haina. Kei tēnei kaupapa tētahi o ngā taputapu whakaputa hauwai nui rawa atu mai i te wai hikohiko o te ao, e whakarato ana i te hauwai matomato mō ngā waka pūtau wahie hauwai i te Wāhanga o Zhangjiakou i te wā o ngā Olympics Hotoke o Beijing 2022. I whakapuaki a Shell i te mahi tahi me GTT France ki te whakawhanake tahi i ngā hangarau auaha ka taea te whakatutuki i te kawe hauwai wai, tae atu ki te hoahoa tuatahi o te kawe hauwai wai. I roto i te tukanga whakawhiti pūngao, ka piki ake te hiahia mō te hauwai, ā, me whakatutuki e te umanga kaipuke te kawe nui o te hauwai wai, he mea e whai hua ana ki te whakatū i tētahi mekameka tuku wahie hauwai whakataetae.
I te Hononga o Amerika, i whakapuakina e Chevron rāua ko Iwatani tētahi whakaaetanga ki te whakawhanake me te hanga tahi i ngā teihana whakakī hinu hauwai e 30 i California i te tau 2026. Kei te whakamahere a ExxonMobil ki te hanga i tētahi tipu hauwai kikorangi i Baytown Refining and Chemical Complex i Texas, ā, i taua wā anō ka hanga i tētahi o ngā kaupapa CCS nui rawa atu o te ao.
Kei te mahi tahi a Saudi Arabia me te National Petroleum Corporation (PTT) o Thailand ki te whakawhanake i ngā mara hauwai kikorangi me te hauwai kakariki, me te whakatairanga anō i ētahi atu kaupapa pūngao ma.
Kua tere ake te whanaketanga o te pūngao hauwai e ngā kamupene hinu nui o te ao, kua whakatairangahia te pūngao hauwai kia noho hei mara nui i roto i te tukanga whakawhiti pūngao, ā, tera pea ka kawea mai he huringa hou o te hurihanga pūngao.
Ka tere ake te whakatakotoranga o ngā kamupene hinu o Ūropi i te whakaputanga pūngao hou
Kei te hiahia nui ngā kamupene hinu o Ūropi ki te whakawhanake i ngā puna pūngao hou pērā i te hauwai, te hiko photovoltaic me te hiko hau.
Kua whakatakoto te kāwanatanga o Amerika i te whāinga kia hangaia he pūngao hau tai moana e 30 GW i te tau 2030, kia kukume mai ai i ngā kaiwhakawhanake tae atu ki ngā kamupene pūngao nunui o Ūropi ki te whai wāhi atu ki te tono. I toa a Total Energy i te tono mō tētahi kaupapa pūngao hau 3 GW i te takutai moana o New Jersey, ā, kei te whakamahere kia tīmata te whakaputa i te tau 2028, ā, kua whakatūria e rātou he hononga tahi hei whakawhanake i te pūngao hau tai moana e rere ana i runga i te tauine nui i te United States. I hainatia e Bp tētahi whakaaetanga me te Norwegian National Oil Company hei huri i te South Brooklyn Marine Terminal i New York hei pokapū whakahaere me te tiaki mō te umanga pūngao hau tai moana.
I Kōtirana, i toa a Total Energy i te mana ki te whakawhanake i tētahi kaupapa hiko hau moana me te kaha o te 2 GW, ka whakawhanakehia ngātahitia me Green Investment Group (GIG) me Scottish Offshore Wind Power Developer (RIDG). Ā, i toa anō hoki a bp EnBW i te tono mō tētahi kaupapa hiko hau moana i te takutai rāwhiti o Kōtirana. Ko te kaha kua whakaritea he 2.9 GW, he nui hei whakarato hiko ma mō ngā whare neke atu i te 3 miriona. Kei te whakamahere anō hoki a Bp ki te whakamahi i tētahi tauira pakihi whakauru hei tuku hiko ma i hangaia e ngā pāmu hau moana ki te whatunga utu waka hiko a te kamupene i Kōtirana. I whiwhi anō hoki ngā hononga tahi e rua me Shell Scottish Power Company i ngā raihana whanaketanga e rua mō ngā kaupapa hiko hau rere i Kōtirana, me te kaha katoa o te 5 GW.
I Āhia, ka mahi tahi a bp me Marubeni, he kaiwhakawhanake hau moana o Hapani, ki te whai wāhi atu ki te tuku tono mō ngā kaupapa hiko hau moana i Hapani, ā, ka whakatūria he rōpū whakawhanake hau moana ā-rohe ki Tōkyō. Ka whakatairanga a Shell i te kaupapa hiko hau moana 1.3 GW e rere ana i Kōrea ki te Tonga. I riro mai anō hoki i a Shell a Sprng Energy o Īnia mā tana kamupene haumi ki tāwāhi, ko tētahi o ngā kaiwhakawhanake me ngā kaiwhakahaere hiko hau me te pūngao rā e tino tere tipu ana i Īnia. I kī a Shell nā tēnei hokonga nui i whakatairanga i a ia kia noho hei paionia mō te whakawhiti pūngao whānui.
I Ahitereiria, i pānuitia e Shell i te 1 o Pēpuere kua oti i a ia te hoko i te kaihokohoko hiko o Ahitereiria, a Powershop, i whakawhānui ake i tana haumitanga ki ngā rawa me ngā hangarau kore-waro me te iti-waro i Ahitereiria. E ai ki te pūrongo o te hauwhā tuatahi o te tau 2022, i riro mai i a Shell te 49% o ngā hea i roto i te kaiwhakawhanake pāmu hau o Ahitereiria, a Zephyr Energy, ā, kei te whakamahere ia ki te whakatū i tētahi pakihi whakaputa hiko iti-waro i Ahitereiria.
I roto i te ao o te pūngao o te rā, i hokona e Total Energy a SunPower, he kamupene o Amerika, mō te US$250 miriona hei whakawhānui i tana pakihi whakaputa hiko tohatoha ki te Hononga o Amerika. Hei tāpiri, kua whakatūria e Total he hononga tahi me Nippon Oil Company hei whakawhānui i tana pakihi whakaputa hiko tohatoha ki Āhia.
Ko te tumanako a Lightsource bp, he hononga tahi a BP, kia oti i a ia tētahi kaupapa pūngao rā nui 1 GW i Parani i te tau 2026 mā roto i tana apiti. Ka mahi tahi anō te kamupene me Contact Energy, tētahi o ngā kamupene ratonga tūmatanui nui rawa atu o Aotearoa, i runga i ētahi kaupapa pūngao rā i Aotearoa.
Te Whakatairanga i te Whanaketanga Hangarau CCUS/CCS mō te Whāinga Kore Tukunga Kupenga
He rerekē ngā kamupene hinu o Amerika ki ngā kamupene hinu o Ūropi, ā, he rite tonu ki te hopu, te whakamahi me te rokiroki waro (CCUS) te arotahi, ka iti ake te arotahi ki te pūngao hou pērā i te pūngao o te rā me te whakaputa hiko hau.
I te tīmatanga o te tau, i oati a ExxonMobil ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro kupenga o tana pakihi ā-ao ki te kore i te tau 2050, ā, kei te whakamahere ki te whakapau i te $15 piriona katoa ki te haumitanga whakawhiti pūngao matomato i roto i ngā tau e ono e whai ake nei. I te hauwhā tuatahi, i tae a ExxonMobil ki tētahi whakataunga haumi whakamutunga. E matapaetia ana ka haumihia e ia te 400 miriona USD hei whakawhānui i tana whare hopu waro i Labaki, Wyoming, ka tāpirihia atu he 1.2 miriona tana ki te kaha hopu waro ā-tau o nāianei e tata ana ki te 7 miriona tana.
I haumi a Chevron ki Carbon Clean, he kamupene e aro ana ki te hangarau CCUS, ā, i mahi tahi anō hoki me te Earth Restoration Foundation ki te whakawhanake i te 8,800 eka o te ngahere totohu waro i Louisiana hei kaupapa tuatahi mō te whakakorenga waro. I uru atu anō hoki a Chevron ki te Global Maritime Decarburization Center (GCMD), ā, i mahi tahi hoki i roto i te hangarau wahie me te hopu waro ā muri ake nei hei whakatairanga i te umanga kaipuke kia tutuki ai te whāinga kore kupenga. I te marama o Mei, i hainatia e Chevron tētahi whakaaetanga māramatanga me Tallas Energy Company ki te whakatū i tētahi hononga tahi hei whakawhanake i ——Bayou Bend CCS, he pokapū CCS taiwhenua i Texas.
Nō nā tata nei, i hainatia e Chevron me ExxonMobil he whakaaetanga me te kamupene hinu ā-motu o Initonīhia (Pertamina) hei tūhura i ngā whai wāhitanga pakihi iti-waro i Initonīhia.
E whakaatu ana te whakamātautau ahumahi 3D a Total Energy i te tukanga auaha o te hopu hauhā waro mai i ngā mahi ahumahi. Ko te whāinga o tēnei kaupapa i Dunkirk he manatoko i ngā otinga hangarau hopu waro ka taea te whakaputa anō, ā, he taahiraa nui tēnei ki te tango waro.
Ko te CCUS tētahi o ngā hangarau matua hei whakatau i te huringa āhuarangi o te ao, ā, he wāhanga nui hoki o ngā otinga āhuarangi o te ao. Ka whakamahia e ngā whenua o te ao katoa tēnei hangarau ki te waihanga i ngā whai wāhitanga mō te whakawhanake i te ōhanga pūngao hou.
Hei tāpiritanga, i te tau 2022, i whakapau kaha a Total Energy ki te hanga hinu rererangi pumau (SAF), ā, kua angitu te tīmatanga o tana tūāpapa Normandy ki te whakaputa SAF. Kei te mahi tahi hoki te kamupene me Nippon Oil Company ki te whakaputa SAF.
Hei huarahi nui mō te whakarerekētanga waro-iti mā te hoko i ngā kamupene hinu o te ao, i tāpirihia e Total te 4 GW o te kaha pūngao whakahou mā te hoko i a American Core Solar. I panuitia e Chevron ka hokona e ia a REG, he rōpū pūngao whakahou, mō te $3.15 piriona, koia te peti nui rawa atu ki te pūngao rerekē tae noa ki tēnei wā.
Kāore te āhuatanga uaua o te ao me te mate urutā i aukati i te tere o te whakawhiti pūngao o ngā kamupene hinu nui o te ao. E ai ki te "World Energy Transformation Outlook 2022" kua ahu whakamua te whakawhiti pūngao o te ao. I te aroaro o ngā āwangawanga o te hapori, o ngā kaipupuri hea, me ētahi atu, me te pikinga ake o te hokinga mai o te haumi ki te pūngao hou, kei te ahu whakamua tonu te whakawhiti pūngao o ngā kamupene hinu nui o te ao, me te whakarite i te haumarutanga roa o te tuku pūngao me ngā rauemi mata.
Te wā tuku: Hōngongoi-04-2022